Review Sheet for Exam 4:

Family: Ch. 12

• Know Baumrind’s four styles of child rearing (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved) be able to describe each one and to explain the effects of each one (including factors such as SES and ethnicity)
• Know the relationship between child care and attachment and factors that can influence that relationship
• Know functions of the family
• Know the effects of maltreatment by parents
• Know the factors that influence children’s adjustment after divorce
• Know the three different ways that parents socialize their children
• Know the effects of maltreatment by parents
• Know the factors that influence children’s adjustment after divorce
• Know the three different ways that parents socialize their children

Terms:

Corregulation, Autonomy

Peers and Friends: Ch. 13

· Be able to explain how peer relationships differ from caregiver-child relationships

· Know the developmental changes in how children conceive friendship

· Know the functions of friendships and the effects of friendships on later functioning

· Be able to explain how parents affect children’s peer relationships

Terms:

Sociometric status

Peer status

Clique

Gangs

Crowds

Gender: Ch. 15

· problems w/ interpreting correlational studies, lab studies, self-report measures

· development of gender stereotypes

· sex stereotyping in childhood

· individual and cultural differences in gender stereotypes

· development of sex (biological) vs. development of gender (partly cultural)

· relationship between sex hormones and gender-role adoption

· The relationship between adult treatment (parents, teachers) and gender development

· Sex differences in verbal, spatial, and mathematical abilities

· theories of gender identity:

o cognitive-developmental: Kohlberg's theory of development of gender constancy

o social learning: by reinforcement and observation

o Bem's gender schema theory

Terms:

· Gender vs. sex

· Sex stereotypes vs. sex roles

Conclusions

 Understand the concept of, and be able to discuss in context (that is, with one or two examples) of any of the content areas covered in the course, the main themes in child development:

• Nature and Nurture

• The Active Child

• Continuity/Discontinuity

• Mechanisms of Change

• The Sociocultural Context

• Individual Differences

• Research and Children’s Welfare