PERCEIVED STRESS SCALE (PSS) PSS on Wikipedia Please note: The Perceived Stress Scale is not a diagnostic instrument; there are no score cut-offs. PSS (English; 10 Item; html version) Word (.doc) version Self-fillable, scorable online version of the PSS 10 (Used with permission by Dr. Fern Stockdale Winder) PSS (English; 4 Item; html version) Word (.doc) version PSS (English; 14 Item; html version) Word (.doc) version PSS Scoring Additional scoring and other information PSS: FREQUENTLY- ASKED QUESTIONS (Link) The FAQ includes a list of currently available translations Brief Introduction to Measures of Psychological Stress REFERENCES to studies that examine the relationship between the Perceived Stress Scale and Biological or Verified Disease Outcomes (source: MacArthur Research Network on SES & Health) PSS TRANSLATIONS: How to Acquire Permissions for Translations: To acquire permission to use a translation in your project, please attempt to contact its translator directly. If unable to contact, please reference their name and this website URL in your publications. Thank you. Spanish PSS (10 Item) (European Spanish; Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties.) Spanish PSS (14 Item) Translation into European Spanish by Eduardo Remor, eduardo.remor@uam.es, and colleagues. Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. For psychometrics, LINK to Drs. Remor's (2006) paper, "Psychometric Properties of a European Spanish Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)." (Thanks to Dr. Remor for granting us permission to post his work on our site.) For more information about Dr. Remor's research: www.uam.es/psico&salud www.iberohemofilia.net Mexican Spanish PSS (10 Item) Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Mex. Spanish PSS (10 Item) (another version) Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Translation by (and thanks to) Ms. Carolina Oliva & Ms. Janet Nieves. Thanks also to Ms. Hilary Colbert (hilaryd@prodigy.net) for sending us the translation. All 3 women are with the Camden [NJ] Healthy Start Project Mex. Spanish PSS (10 Item) (another version) Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Thanks to Céline Perriolat of the MAPI Research Institute (cperriolat@mapi.fr) for sending us the translation. Mex. Spanish PSS (14 Item) Translation by (and thanks to) Drs. Mónica Teresa González Ramírez and Rene Landero Hernandez. Their 2007 article contains psychometric information. Their 2008 article used the translation to study an explanatory model of stress and psychosomatic symptoms. Dra. González Ramírez may be contacted at: monygzz77@yahoo.com Her website is http://www.monica-gonzalez.com/ South American (Chile) Spanish PSS (14 Item) Translation by, and thanks to, Dr. Carlos Cruz Marin and colleagues. Their 2008 article (go to pages 116-117) provides validity and other data about the translation and its use with a sample of 117 adult students. Dr. Cruz Marin may be contacted at carloscruzmar@hotmail.com This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. Spanish PSS (10 Item; translator from Puerto Rico) Thanks to Dr. María del C. Fernández Rodríguez, who may be contacted at mfernandez@cayey.upr.edu Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Danish PSS (10 Item) Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. Anders Jørgensen, Department of Psychiatry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. He may be contacted at d374741@dadlnet.dk Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Hebrew PSS (10 Item) Translation by (and thanks to) Oren Lahak, Meir General Hospital, Kfar Saba, Israel (e-mail: Olahak@012.net.il). This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Greek PSS (14 item) Translation courtesy of (and thanks to) Eleni Andreou, who may be contacted at eandeou@gmail.com The scale was administered to 941 healthy Greek adults, and was culturally adapted during pre-testing. Cronbach alpha was estimated at 0.79, which was interpreted as good internal consistency. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, PSS strongly correlated with the subscales of DSS 21 for stress (0,644), depression (0,606), and anxiety (0,542), while the correlation was moderate with the scale of physical stress symptoms. Greek PSS (10 item) Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. Marios Adonis, University of Nicosia, Cyprus. Dr. Adonis may be reached at adonis.m@unic.ac.cy This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. Italian PSS (10 item) Translation by (and thanks to) Andrea Fossati, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University of Milano, who may be contacted at fossati.andrea@hsr.it This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. German PSS (10 item) Translation courtesy of (and thanks to) Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Arndt Büssing, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Germany, who may be contacted at Arndt.Buessing@uni-wh.de Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. German PSS (4 item) Translation courtesy of (and thanks to) Jan Engling, GfK SE, Nuremberg, Germany, who may be contacted at jan.engling@gfk.com This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. |
(3.) Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived stress
in a probability sample of the U.S. In S. Spacapam & S. Oskamp
(Eds.), The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium
on Applied Social Psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (provides
NORMATIVE DATA from a large U.S. sample) PSS TRANSLATIONS: How to Acquire Permissions for Translations: To acquire permission to use a translation in your project, please attempt to contact its translator directly. If unable to contact, please reference their name and this website URL in your publications. Thank you. French PSS (14 Item): French PSS (14 Item), 'General Population' French PSS (14 Item), 'At Work' Translations have not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of their psychometric properties. Translation by - and thanks to - Dr. Jean-Pierre Rolland, Professor Emeritus, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense. Dr. Rolland may be emailed at jean-pierre.rolland@u-paris10.fr Bulgarian PSS (14 Item) Translation by (and thanks to) Vihra Naydenova, University of Bielefeld, Germany. Vihra's study of 709 Bulgarian college students showed very good reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.80). For further information, contact Vihra at vihranaydenova@yahoo.com This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. Hungarian PSS (14 Item; 10 Item; 4 Item) Translation by (and thanks to) Barna Konkoly Thege and Adrienne Stauder of the Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary. For validity information, click here. For the abstract of the journal article in which the translation appears, click here. Dr. Konkoly Thege may be emailed with questions at konkoly.thege.barna@gmail.com Korean PSS (10 Item) Translation by (and thanks to) Juno Park, Doctural Student in the Counseling Psychology Program, Ball State University. This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. Juno Park may be emailed with questions at shinjizzang@hotmail.com Chinese PSS (14 Item) (Traditional Chinese) Translation by (and thanks to) Professor Li-Chuan Chu, Dept. of Health Services Administration, Chung-Shan Medical University. Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; its psychometric properties are available in the reference cited in the scale. Taiwanese Chinese PSS (10 Item) (Traditional Chinese) Translation by and thanks to Dr. I-Fen Lin. Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. For additional information, contact Dr. Dana Glei at danaglei@sonic.net or http://danaglei.users.sonic.net Chinese PSS (10 Item) pdf file MS Word file (Simplified Chinese) Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Thanks to Dr. Zhen Wang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China. Thai PSS (14 Item) Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Thai PSS (10 Item) Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. Some psychometric data are available (click link). Translation by (and thanks to) Ms. Chalalai Dongpachit. E-mail her at: chalalaid@hotmail.com LINK to Ms. Dongpachit's dissertation abstract (Word file) Thai PSS (10 Item, another translation) Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. Nahathai Wongpakaran, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. E-mail: nkuntawo@med.cmu.ac.th Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. Tamil PSS (10 Item) Translation courtesy of (and thanks to) Mr. Santhalingam Sathees, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka; email: crazyken1984@gmail.com This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Polish PSS (14 Item) Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. Rafael Mikolajczyk, University of Bielefeld, Germany. The scale was used in a study of 591 Polish university students and showed very good reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.81). For further information, contact Dr. Mikolajczyk at rmikolajczyk@uni-bielefeld.de This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. Polish PSS (10 Item) Translation by (and thanks to) Zygfryd Juczynski and Nina Oginska-Bulik. Thanks also to Joanna Stanczak, Psychological Test Laboratory / Pracownia Testow Psychologicznych. For further information, contact Ms. Stanczak at pracownia@practest.com.pl Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Turkish PSS (14 Item) and preliminary psychometrics data Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. E. Ercument Yerlikaya, University of Cukurova, Turkey. The scale was tested on 246 undergraduate university students. For further information, contact Dr. Yerlikaya at yerlikaya@cu.edu.tr This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. Turkish PSS (10 Item), psychometrics data, and an unpublished manuscript Translation courtesy of (and thanks to) Dr. Melek Saygýn, psychiatrist in private practice, who may be contacted at msaygin4@hotmail.com Russian PSS (14 Item) Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. Martin Egan on behalf of O.A.T.H. Research, who may be contacted at m_egan@btinternet.com Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. Urdu PSS (10 Item) Translation courtesy of (and thanks to) Aneeqa Mariam, Asra Sarwar, Rashida Maqsood, Anum Bashir, and Kiran Aamir, and project supervisor Mamoona Ismail Luna, all of International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. For questions or to request permission for its use, please contact Aneeqa Mariam at bsp_aneeqa@yahoo.com This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. |
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COHEN-HOBERMAN INVENTORY of PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS (CHIPS): (links at right) andsocial supports as buffers of life change stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13, 99-125. Link to full-text (pdf) |
CHIPS CHIPS Scoring |
| SOCIAL NETWORK INDEX (SNI): Social Network Index (SNI; English) Social Network Index Scoring Link to Nature Neuroscience (2010) article linking amygdala volume with social network size, as measured using the Social Network Index Portuguese Social Network Index (adapted for individuals with hearing impairments). Translation by (and thanks to) Eunice Costa at ec.nice@gmail.com Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties. |
SC RETROSPECTIVE MEASURES OF CHILDHOOD: SC Childhood Interview (MS Word) SC Adulthood Interview (MS Word) Parent Social Participation (PSP) Measure (MS Word) SC Places You've Lived Interview (MS Word) PERMISSIONS & USAGE: SC Retrospective Measures of Childhood |
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INTERPERSONAL SUPPORT EVALUATION LIST (ISEL): (links at right) |
ISEL- General
Population version ISEL-Scoring ISEL- College student version ISEL-College scoring For validity and reliability information on the College student ISEL, click here Additional scoring and other information for the ISEL |
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ISEL-12 item version Brummett BH, Babyak MA, Siegler IC, Vitaliano PP, Ballard EL, Gwyther LP, & Williams RB (2006). Associations among perceptions of social support, negative affect, and quality of sleep in caregivers and noncaregivers. Health Psychology, 25(2), 220-225. Brummett BH; Babyak MA; Barefoot JC; Bosworth HB; Clapp-Channing NE; Siegler IC; Williams RB Jr; & Mark DB (1998). Social support and hostility as predictors of depressive symptoms in cardiac patients one month after hospitalization: A prospective study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60(6), 707-713.
Martire LM; Schulz R; Mittelmark MB; & Newsom JT (1999). Stability and change in older adults' social contact and social support: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences., 54B(5), S302-S311.
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ISEL-48 item
College student version (Polish) |
| LIFE EVENTS CHECKLIST (LEL) Scoring information Source article: Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D. A. J., & Smith, A. P. (1991). Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold. New England Journal of Medicine, 325, 606-612. PMID: 1713648. Link to full-text (PDF) Related articles: Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1991). Stress and infectious disease in humans. Psychological Bulletin,109, 5-24. PMID: 2006229. Link to full-text (PDF) Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D. A. J., & Smith, A. P. (1993). Negative life events, perceived stress, negative affect and susceptibility to the common cold. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 131-140. PMID: 8421249. Link to full-text (PDF) |
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Page updated December 8, 2011 |