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PSS (English; 10 Item)
PSS (English; 4 Item)
PSS (English; 14 Item)
PSS Scoring
PSS: FREQUENTLY- ASKED QUESTIONS
(Link)
Brief Introduction to Measures
of Psychological Stress
List of references
to studies that examine the relationship between the Perceived
Stress Scale and biological or verified disease outcomes.
Spanish PSS (10 Item)
(European Spanish; Translation has not been pre-tested by
our laboratory; nor are we aware of its psychometric properties.)
Spanish PSS (14
Item)
Translation into European Spanish by Eduardo Remor,
eduardo.remor@uam.es, and colleagues. Translation has not been
pre-tested by our laboratory. For psychometrics, LINK
to Drs. Remor's (2006) paper, "Psychometric Properties of
a European Spanish Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)."
(Thanks to Dr. Remor for granting us permission to post his work
on our site.)
For more information about Dr. Remor's research:
www.uam.es/psico&salud
www.iberohemofilia.net
Mexican Spanish PSS (10 Item)
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties.
Mex. Spanish PSS (10 Item)
(another version)
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties. Translation by (and
thanks to) Ms. Carolina Oliva & Ms. Janet Nieves. Thanks
also to Ms. Hilary Colbert (hilaryd@prodigy.net) for sending
us the translation. All 3 women are with the Camden [NJ] Healthy
Start Project
Mex. Spanish PSS (10 Item)
(another version)
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties. Thanks to Céline
Perriolat of the MAPI Research Institute (cperriolat@mapi.fr)
for sending us the translation.
Mex. Spanish PSS (14 Item)
Translation by (and thanks to) Drs. Mónica Teresa González
Ramírez and Rene Landero Hernandez. Their
2007 article contains psychometric information. Their
2008 article used the translation to study an explanatory
model of stress and psychosomatic symptoms. Dra. González
Ramírez may be contacted at: monygzz77@yahoo.com
Her website is http://www.monica-gonzalez.com/
South American (Chile) Spanish PSS (14 Item)
Translation by, and thanks to, Dr. Carlos Cruz Marin and colleagues.
Their
2008 article (go to pages 116-117) provides validity and
other data about the translation and its use with a sample of
117 adult students. Dr. Cruz Marin may be contacted at carloscruzmar@hotmail.com
This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory.
Spanish PSS (10 Item; translator from Puerto
Rico)
Thanks to Dr. María del C. Fernández Rodríguez,
who may be contacted at mfernandez@cayey.upr.edu
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties.
Danish PSS (10 Item)
Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. Anders Jørgensen, Department
of Psychiatry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. He may be
contacted at d374741@dadlnet.dk
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties.
Hebrew PSS (10 Item)
Translation by (and thanks to) Oren Lahak, Meir General Hospital,
Kfar Saba, Israel (e-mail: Olahak@012.net.il). This translation
has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of
its psychometric properties.
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Please note: The Perceived Stress Scale is not a
diagnostic instrument; there are no score cut-offs.
For normative data from a large U.S. sample, please read
the Cohen & Williamson paper (Full-text link, item #2 below).
For reliability and validity, please read item #1 below.
PAPERS ON PSS:
(1.) Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983).
A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and
Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. Link
to full-text (pdf)
(2.) Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived stress
in a probability sample of the U.S. In S. Spacapam & S. Oskamp
(Eds.), The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium
on Applied Social Psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Link
to full-text (pdf)
Bulgarian PSS (14 Item)
Translation by (and thanks to) Vihra Naydenova, University of
Bielefeld, Germany. Vihra's study of 709 Bulgarian college students
showed very good reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.80). For further
information, contact Vihra at vihranaydenova@yahoo.com This translation
has not been pre-tested by our laboratory.
Hungarian PSS (14 Item;
10 Item; 4 Item)
Translation by (and thanks to) Barna Konkoly Thege and Adrienne
Stauder of the Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis
University Budapest, Hungary. For validity information, click
here. For the abstract of the journal article in which the
translation appears, click
here.
Dr. Konkoly Thege may be emailed with questions at
konkoly.thege.barna@gmail.com
Chinese PSS (14 Item)
Translation by (and thanks to) Professor Li-Chuan Chu, Dept.
of Health Services Administration, Chung-Shan Medical University.
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; its psychometric
properties are available in the reference cited in the scale.
Taiwanese Chinese PSS
(10 Item)
Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. I-Fen Lin. Translation has
not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are we aware of its
psychometric properties. For additional information, contact
Dr. Dana Glei at danaglei@sonic.net or http://danaglei.users.sonic.net
Thai PSS (14 Item)
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties.
Thai PSS (10 Item)
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory. Some psychometric
data are available (click link). Translation by (and thanks to)
Ms. Chalalai Dongpachit. E-mail her at:
chalalaid@hotmail.com
LINK to Ms. Dongpachit's
dissertation abstract (Word file)
Polish PSS (14 Item)
Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. Rafael Mikolajczyk, University
of Bielefeld, Germany. The scale was used in a study of 591 Polish
university students and showed very good reliability (Cronbach's
alpha 0.81). For further information, contact Dr. Mikolajczyk
at rmikolajczyk@uni-bielefeld.de
This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory.
Polish PSS (10 Item)
Translation by (and thanks to) Zygfryd Juczynski and Nina Oginska-Bulik.
Thanks also to Joanna Stanczak, Psychological Test Laboratory
/ Pracownia Testow Psychologicznych. For further information,
contact Ms. Stanczak at pracownia@practest.com.pl
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties.
Turkish PSS (14 Item) and preliminary psychometrics
data
Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. E. Ercument Yerlikaya, University
of Cukurova, Turkey. The scale was tested on 246 undergraduate
university students. For further information, contact Dr. Yerlikaya
at yerlikaya@cu.edu.tr
This translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory.
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ISEL-12 item version
Basic psychometrics for ISEL-12 (Word
file)
Several investigators have used short versions of the ISEL, including
a 16-item and 6-item version. We were not involved in creating
these scales, and cannot provide any psychometric information
about them. Below are two citations for studies that used a 16-item
ISEL version (they used the self-esteem subscale). Unfortunately,
none of the articles display actual items, so we can only assume
that the two studies below used the same 12 items listed on our
website:
Brummett
BH, Babyak MA, Siegler IC, Vitaliano PP, Ballard EL, Gwyther
LP, & Williams RB (2006). Associations among perceptions
of social support, negative affect, and quality of sleep in caregivers
and noncaregivers. Health Psychology, 25(2), 220-225.
Brummett
BH; Babyak MA; Barefoot JC; Bosworth HB; Clapp-Channing NE; Siegler
IC; Williams RB Jr; & Mark DB (1998). Social support and
hostility as predictors of depressive symptoms in cardiac patients
one month after hospitalization: A prospective study. Psychosomatic
Medicine, 60(6), 707-713.
And below is a citation for an article that used a 6-item
ISEL version, administered in the Cardiovascular Health Study:
Martire
LM; Schulz R; Mittelmark MB; & Newsom JT (1999). Stability
and change in older adults' social contact and social support:
The Cardiovascular Health Study. Journals of Gerontology: Series
B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences., 54B(5), S302-S311.
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ISEL-12
scoring |
ISEL-40 item
version (Spanish)
(European Spanish) Translation by Eduardo Remor,
eduardo.remor@uam.es; thanks also to Amy Mayhew,
amymayhew@hotmail.com.
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties.
ISEL-40 item version (Japanese)
(MS Excel file)
Translation by (and thanks to) Naomi Ueyama, Kansai University
of Nursing and Health Science, who may be contacted at n.ueyama@kki.ac.jp
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties.
ISEL-40 item version (Polish)
Translation by (and thanks to) Dr. Danuta Zarzycka, Skubiszewski
Medical Uniwersity, who may be e-mailed at danuta.zarzycka@am.lublin.pl
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory; nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties, other than those reported
by Dr. Zarzycka from a sample of 172 university students:
Reliabilities (Cronbach`s alpha) for the total ISEL: 0.91
Each subscale: Tangible: 0.83; Belonging: 0.84; Appraisal: 0.81;
and Self-esteem: 0.71. |
ISEL-College student
version (Greek)
Translation by: Ms. Evagelia Delistamatis, Ms. Maria Samakouri,
& Dr. Miltos Livaditis. Direct inquiries to Dr. Livaditis
at: vpapadop@med.duth.gr
Translation has not been pre-tested by our laboratory, nor are
we aware of its psychometric properties.
Page updated June 3, 2009
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